Scientific background: |
K-ras, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRAS gene. Like other members of the Ras family, the K-ras protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways. K-ras is usually tethered to cell membranes because of the presence of an isoprenyl group on its C-terminus. The K-ras gene spans 38 kb and contains 4 exons. By in situ hybridization, the K-ras gene is mapped to chromosome 12p12.1-p11.1. K-ras acts as a molecular on/off switch. Once it is turned on it recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of growth factor and other receptors' signal, such as c-Raf and PI 3-kinase. K-ras binds to GTP in the active state and possesses an intrinsic enzymatic activity which cleaves the terminal phosphate of the nucleotide converting it to GDP |
References: |
1. Popescu, N. C., Amsbaugh, S. C., DiPaolo, J. A., Tronick, S. R., Aaronson, S. A., Swan, D. C.Chromosomal localization of three human ras genes by in situ molecular hybridization.Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 11: 149-155, 1985.
2. Porta, M., Malats, N., Jariod, M., Grimalt, J. O., Rifa, J., Carrato, A., Guarner, L., Salas, A., Santiago-Silva, M., Corominas, J. M., Andreu, M., Real, F. X.Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer.
3. Weinberg, R. A.Fewer and fewer oncogenes.Cell 30: 3-4, 1982.
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