Scientific background: |
HSPE1(heat shock 10kDa protein 1 (chaperonin 10)), also called CPN10, GROES, CHAPERONIN 10
HOMOLOG, cpn10 HOMOLOG or HSP10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPE1 gene.
GroES is a heptameric ring of identical 10.4-kD subunits that binds to each end of GroEL to form a
symmetric, functional heterodimer. The HSP10 gene consists of 4 exons. The HSPE1 gene is mapped to
2q33.1. The transcriptional activity of the promoter fragment in the HSP60 direction is approximately
twice that in the HSP10 direction under normal growth conditions; upon heat shock, promoter activity in
either direction increased by a factor of approximately 12. Mutational drifts performed in vitro with 4
different enzymes indicated the GroES overexpression doubled the number of accumulating mutations,
and promoted the folding of enzyme variants carrying mutations in the protein core and/or mutations with
higher destabilizing effects. |
References: |
1. Georgopoulos, C., Welch, W. J. Role of the major heat shock proteins as molecular
chaperones. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 9: 601-634, 1993.
2. Hansen, J. J., Bross, P., Westergaard, M., Nielsen, M. N., Eiberg, H., Borglum, A. D., Mogensen, J.,
Kristiansen, K., Bolund, L., Gregersen, N. Genomic structure of the human mitochondrial chaperonin
genes: HSP60 and HSP10 are localised head to head on chromosome 2 separated by a
bidirectional promoter. Hum. Genet. 112: 71-77, 2003. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 112: 436 only,
2003.
3. Todd, M. J., Viitanen, P. V., Lorimer, G. H. Dynamics of the chaperonin ATPase cycle: implications for
facilitated protein folding. Science 265: 659-666, 1994. |