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Products Polyclonal Anti-AQP2
| Catalogue number: | PA1742 |
| Price: | $200.00 |
| Reactivities: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications: | Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry - frozen, Western Blot |
| Size: | 100ug/vial |
| Gene: | AQP2 |
| Swiss prot: | P41181 |
| Form: | Lyophilized |
| Format: | Each vial contains 5mg BSA, 0.9mg NaCl, 0.2mg Na2HPO4, 0.05mg Thimerosal, 0.05mg NaN3. |
| Storage temp: | At -20 degree C for one year. After reconstitution, at 4 degree C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20 degree C for a longer time.Avoid repeated freezing and thawing. |
| Scientific background: | AQP2(Aquaporin 2) also called AQUAPORIN-CD, is found in the apical cell membranes of the kidney's collecting duct principal cells and in intracellular vesicles located throughout the cell. The AQP2 gene is mapped to chromosome 12q13, very close to the site of major intrinsic protein by situ hybridization. The investigators suggested that a defect in the AQP2 gene is the basis of the autosomal form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus .The functional expression and the limited localization suggested that AQP2 is the vasopressin-regulated water channel. Using rat kidney slices and porcine kidney cells stably expressing rat Aqp2, AQP2 trafficking can be stimulated by cAMP-independent pathways that utilize nitric oxide (NO). The NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NONOate and the NO synthase substrate L-arginine mimicked the effect of vasopressin (VP), stimulating relocation of Aqp2 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. SNP increased intracellular cGMP rather than cAMP, and exogenous cGMP stimulated AQP2 membrane insertion. Atrial natriuretic factor, which signals via cGMP, also stimulated AQP2 translocation. AQP2 expression in kidney connecting tubules is sufficient for survival and that AQP2 expression in collecting ducts is required to regulate body water balance. The S256L substitution in the cytoplasmic tail of the Aqp2 protein prevented phosphorylation at S256 and the subsequent accumulation of Aqp2 on the apical membrane of the collecting duct principal cells. |
| References: | 1.Bouley, R., Breton, S., Sun, T., McLaughlin, M., Nsumu, N. N., Lin, H. Y., Ausiello, D. A., Brown, D. Nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic factor stimulate cGMP-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin 2 in renal epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 1115-1126, 2000. 2.Canfield, M. C., Tamarappoo, B. K., Moses, A. M., Verkman, A. S., Holtzman, E. J. Identification and characterization of aquaporin-2 water channel mutations causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with partial vasopressin response. Hum. Molec. Genet. 6: 1865-1871, 1997. 3.Deen, P. M. T., Croes, H., van Aubel, R. A. M. H., Ginsel, L. A., van Os, C. H. Water channels encoded by mutant aquaporin-2 genes in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are impaired in their cellular routing. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 2291-2296, 1995. |
| Additional info: | A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminal of human AQP2, identical to the related rat and mouse sequences. |
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