Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are essential for the generation of action potentials and for cell excitability. Nav channels are activated in response to depolarization and selectively allow flow of Na+ ions.
To date, nine Nav (A) subunits have been cloned and named Nav1.1-Nav1.9. The Nav channels are classified into two groups according to their sensitivity to Tetrodotoxin (TTX): TTX-sensitive (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.4, Nav1.6 and Nav1.7) and TTX-resistant (Nav1.5, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9). Mammalian sodium channels are heterotrimers, composed of a central, pore-forming (A) subunit and two auxiliary (B) subunits. The expression of the (A) subunit isoform is developmentally regulated and tissue specific.
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