Jingzhaotoxin-V.
Jingzhaotoxin-V is a 29 amino acid peptidyl toxin isolated from the Chilobrachys jingzhao (Chinese earth tiger tarantula) spider1.
It significantly inhibits tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) and tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) Na+ channels in adult rat DRG neurons as well as Kv4.2 K+ channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
It was found that Jingzhaotoxin-V alters the gating properties of Na+ channels by shifting the activation curves to the depolarizing direction and the inactivation curves to the hyperpolarizing direction.
The findings related to this peptide further reinforced the viewpoint that gating-modifier toxins can alter the voltage-dependent gating through the lipid membrane partitioning