SDF-1 is small cytokine belonging to the chemokine family that is officially designated Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12).SDF-1 is produced in two forms, SDF-1?/CXCL12a and SDF-1?/CXCL12b, by alternate splicing of the same gene. SDF-1? is synthesized as a 93 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence and a 72 aa mature region. The mature molecule exhibits a typical three antiparallel ?-strand chemokine-like fold. There are no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. N-terminal aa ’s 1-8 form a receptor binding site, while aa’s 1 and 2 (Lys-Pro) are involved in receptor activation. The C-terminus is likely associated with heparin binding. SDF-1? circulates and undergoes proteolytic processing. SDF-1? are reported to be a monomers at neutral pH and physiologic ionic strength.