Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha ) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, NK-cells following their stimulation by bacterial LPS. TNF alpha activates signals through two receptors, TNF-R1, which is expressed on most cell types, and TNF-R2, which is expressed mainly on immune cells. TNF alpha can have many functions including, to stimulate of phagocytosis in macrophages, to chemoattract neutrophils, to increase insulin resistance and to induce fever. Recombinant TNF alpha is a non-glycosylated Protein, containing 156 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 17.3 kDa.