Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a four helical bundle type I cytokine1. The mature form of human IL-21 is a 131 amino acid protein.4 IL-21 is expressed primarily by NKT and CD4+ T cells, particularly the inflammatory Th17 subset and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. The effects of IL-21 include promotion of antibody production, NK cell differentiation, proliferation and differentiation of cells of monocyte and granulocyte lineages, costimulation of T cells and augmentation of antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells.2, 3 Recent studies have shown that IL-21 is also an autocrine cytokine that potently induces Th17 differentiation and suppresses Foxp3 expression, and serves as a target for treating inflammatory diseases. Clone SB134f can be used as a detection antibody for sandwich ELISA.5
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