The benzodiazepines are a group of over 20 structurally related central nervous system depressant drugs, each group varying considerably in their potency and clinical effects. The benzodiazepines are the most widely prescribed sedative/hypnotic drugs due to their wide range of uses(2, 4, 5). They are prescribed to treat anxiety, stress and insomnia. They are also used both as pre-medication and for induction of general anaesthesia. Specific uses include the management of alcohol withdrawal, control of epileptic fits and relief of muscle spasms(6). Benzodiazepines are extensively metabolised by the liver by processes of N-dealkylation and hydroxylation and only trace amounts of the parent compound appear in the urine. Many benzodiazepine metabolites are excreted in urine as glucuronide tracers.
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