Brilliant Violet 421(TM) anti-human TNF-alpha

TNF-alpha is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells (principally CD4+), and NK cells. Many transformed cell lines also secrete TNF-alpha. Monomeric human TNF-alpha is a 157 amino acid protein (non-glycosylated) with a reported molecular weight of 17 kD. TNF-alpha forms multimeric complexes; stable trimers are most common in solution. A 26 kD membrane form of TNF-alpha has also been described. TNF-alpha binding to surface receptors elicits a wide array of biological activities including: cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro, hemorraghic necrosis of tumors in vivo, increased fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis in neutrophils.