Activity-dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) is a potential transcription factor that mediates some of the neuroprotective peptide VIP-associated effects involved in normal growth and cancer proliferation. ADNP is mainly e, Xenopus/Amphibian,pressed in the cerebellum and hippocampus with lower levels in lung, kidney, intestine and testis. The neuroprotective peptide provides neuroprotection at sub-femtomolar concentrations against to, Xenopus/Amphibian,icity associated with tetrodo, Xenopus/Amphibian,in (electrical blockade), beta-amyloid peptide (Alzheimer's disease neuroto, Xenopus/Amphibian,in), N-methyl-aspartate (e, Xenopus/Amphibian,citoto, Xenopus/Amphibian,icity), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein.